Problem Overview & Intuition

To solve Retry with Exponential Backoff, we consider the execution characteristics of JavaScript engines. Write a function `retryWithBackoff(fn, maxRetries, baseDelay)` that retries an async function with exponential delays (baseDelay * 2^attempt). By utilizing idiomatic language constructs and clean algorithmic principles, we can accomplish this with optimal time and memory usage.

Step-by-Step Approach

1. Understand Problem Contract: Identify input arguments, return type expectations, and edge cases (empty inputs, nullish values).
2. Choose Core Mechanism: Use modern JavaScript patterns (on each retry, the delay doubles: basedelay, basedelay*2, basedelay*4, etc).
3. Implement Logic: Handle state and transformations efficiently (use a loop or recursion with await for the delay).
4. Return Result: Ensure proper return format and preserve caller context if applicable.

Optimal Implementation (JavaScript)

async function retryWithBackoff(fn, maxRetries, baseDelay) {
  for (let attempt = 0; attempt <= maxRetries; attempt++) {
    try {
      return await fn();
    } catch (err) {
      if (attempt === maxRetries) throw err;
      await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, baseDelay * Math.pow(2, attempt)));
    }
  }
}

Complexity Analysis