What is Database Normalization?
Database Normalization
Normalization is the formal process of structuring a relational database schema to eliminate data redundancy and prevent data anomalies (insertion, update, and deletion anomalies).
Normal Forms Summary
| Normal Form | Rule / Requirement | Anomaly Prevented |
|---|---|---|
| 1NF | Atomic values, primary key, no repeating groups | Redundant nested arrays |
| 2NF | Satisfies 1NF + No Partial Dependencies | Redundant composite key data |
| 3NF | Satisfies 2NF + No Transitive Dependencies | Update & deletion anomalies |
| BCNF | Every determinant must be a candidate key | Overlapping candidate key anomalies |